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THE REIGN OF EMPEROR NICOLAS I
1835 yr.
304. - April 13
th
. The Highest approved Provision (Statute) about the Jews, published
(promulgated) on May 31
st
.
A Nominal decree given to the Senate. In attention to the welfare of the Jews, living in Russia, a
special provision was issued in 1804 *) regulating their civil establishment.
However, the implementation of this provision into action, at the same time, revealed various local
predicaments (difficulties), indicating from the very beginning that there was a necessity for certain
changes in this matter. As the consequence, following such difficulties as well as the needs and cases
arising in process of time, there were issued many partial and separate decrees (laws) about Jews.
Due to the scattered origins of these laws and inconveniences, which resulted from their execution,
it was deemed necessary to entrust to the special committee to draw up a general statement/provision –
after reviewing all the previously published provisions on the Jews, collating them with indications
based on experience, including their rights, personal duties, and property obligations, with extractions,
if necessary, from the general law, according to the Jewish faith, way of life and place of settlement.
______________________
*) See # 59, p. 53.
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It was ruled to set as the main purpose of this provision - to arrange the conditions for the Jews on such
rules, which would open for them freeways of achieving the means of prosperous subsistence through
activities in agriculture and industry, and gradually educating their youth, and at the same time
preventing them from occasions of indolence and illegal trades.
On these grounds, the draft of the Provision has been compiled by the Special Committee, and,
upon its review by the State Council, it has been approved by Us, and forwarding it to the Governing
Senate, We Command it to issue orders for its proper execution.
PROVISION.
Chapter I. — General Provisions.
§ 1. Jews, as citizens of Russia, are subject to the general laws in all those cases, of which there are
no special/separate regulations indicated in this Provision. - (Additional Explanation Vol. 9 of the State
Laws [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]
1
Articles 860 and 862 and for a replacement to the Articles 845 and
846 the same Laws).
1
§ 2. Jews, taking advantage of the general patronage of the laws, have the freedom not only in their
personal condition but also in the legal acquisition of property, in agricultural work, and in conducting
trade, industry, and crafts, according to the rules and with restrictions described in this Provision.
Those of them who will be distinguished by useful knowledge and occupation/employment or will
render services that are important to the state will be rewarded deservedly/with dignity. - (Explanation
Vol. 9 of the State Laws. Article 862 and for replacement of the part of Article 861).
§ 3. Jews are allowed permanent residence:
I. In the governorates [Gubernias] of 1) Grodno. 2) Vilna. 3) Volhynia. 4) Podolsk. 5) Minsk. 6)
Yekaterinoslav.
II. In administrative areas [Oblast’s]
2
: 7) Bessarabia Oblast.
3
8) Belostok Oblast.
4
- (In
Replacement Vol. 14, [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 11)
.5
§ 4. In addition to these Gubernias (Governorates) and Oblast’s indicated in the aforementioned §,
Jews are allowed permanent residence with the restrictions set forth below: 1) In the governorate of
Kiev, with exception of the capital city of Kiev. 2) In the governorate of Kherson, except the city of
Nikolaev. 3) In the governorate of Taurida, except the city of Sevastopol. 4) and 5) In the governorates:
of Mogilev and Vitebsk, except for the villages. 6) and 7) In the governorates: Chernigov and Poltava,
besides the settlements of the State/Crown and Cossack villages, from which the deportation of Jews
has already taken place. 8) In the Kurland governorate, only those Jews are allowed the permanent
residence, who have been by now registered there together with their families by the census, although
resettlement of Jews there from other governorates is prohibited. 9) and 10) In the Governorate of
Livonia in the city of Riga and Sloka posad (settlement), under the same restrictions, as in the
governorate of Kurland. (In Replacement Vol. 14, [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 11).
§ 5. In the western border governorates, in towns and villages, located closer than 50 versts from
the border, Jews are forbidden from any new settlements. - (In Replacement Vol. 14, [Ustav o
Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 11).
§ 6. Since wives, according to the general law, belong to the social status (occupation) of their
husbands, thus Jewish wives, who are married to Christians, have a residence with their husbands.
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§ 7. Beyond the Pale of permanent settlement, Jews are allowed to stay only temporarily:
1) To accept the inheritance. 2) In search of legal aid regarding property rights in courts and
government offices. 3) For trading and for business under contracts, deliveries, and purchases/leases,
which could be committed only in places, defined for the permanent settlement of Jews.
Of course, in these three cases, the police authorities can allow Jews to stay for no longer than six
weeks, and further stay depends on the Administration of a governorate, and for reasons worthy of
consideration/respect. However, the Administration of a governorate cannot prolong a stay [for Jews]
beyond two months without a resolution from the highest authorities.
4) To improve themselves in sciences, arts, and crafts, based on chapters III and VI of this
Provision. - (Substitute Vol.14 [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 183, 184, 185 and 188).
§ 8. During transportation by water and by land, the dwelling of Jews outside the limits (Pale) of
their permanent residency should be bound to 1) the period of rafting and/or transportation on land,
2) the distance not farther than to the next/first governorate, bordering the location of their permanent
residency. - (Substitute Vol.14 [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 183, 184, 185 and 188).
§ 9. Absences within the limits (Pale) designated for permanent residence of Jews, as well as those
mentioned in the preceding § 8 (paragraph), are permitted to them with/by regular passports, issued by
the Uyezd (County’s)
6
Treasury or from the City Councils and Magistrates, with denotation that such
passports remain valid exclusively in the areas, established/designated for their permanent residence, or
with the explanation, when it is needed, that they were issued for presentation during rafting or
transportation on land and are confined by the limits of the governorate nearest to the permanent
settlement of the Jews. - (Substitute Vol.14 [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 183, 184, 185 and
188).
§ 10. For absenteeism, for permanent residence of Jews appointed, except for the cases mentioned
in § 8, they must apply for passports from the Chief of the Provincial Super Poster. During the time of
this staying, Jews, except for special occasions, are obliged to wear clothes used in places of their
temporary stay, without any difference from other inhabitants of the same civil status. - (Substitute
Vol.14 [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art. 183, 184, 185 and 188).
§ 11. Jews absent abroad without legal authorization become excluded from the citizenship of
Russia and are not allowed to return to it. - (In Substitute Vol.14 [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh], Art.
183, 184, 185 and 188).
§ 12. Within the limits (Pale) of a general settlement of the Jews, as well as in all areas where their
permanent dwelling is permitted, they are allowed
not only to relocate from one place to another by/following the general regulations but can also obtain
realty/property of any kind, except for the populated/inhabited estates, possession of which is in general
prohibited for them. (To Substitute Vol. 9 of the State Laws. Art. 869).
§ 13. If a Jew were to inherit an inhabited/populated estate/realty, he would be liable to sell it
within six months; if this is not fulfilled, then such property, by order of the government, has to be sold
on his behalf/benefit at a public auction.
Prior to the sale, such property goes into custody/wardship, and the proceeds are transferred to the
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person who had acquired it by inheritance. - (To Substitute Vol. 9 of the State Laws. Art. 869).
§ 14. Accrued by the Jews through inheritance the uninhabited/unpopulated real estate/realty
property, located outside the limits where they are allowed to own it, they are obliged to sell during the
same period which is determined above for the populated property. - (To Substitute Vol. 9 of the State
Laws. Art. 869).
§ 15. Jews are forbidden to keep at their households Christians as permanent maids/domestic
servants, though they are allowed to hire them: a) For short-term work, which is required from cabmen,
ship-mеn [workers on loading, unloading, and servicing ships], carpenters, masons, etc. b) For help in
farming, orchard and garden work on the lands actually owned by Jews, and especially at the time
when the initial cultivation of these lands is needed. c) For work in factories and plants, however,
except for distilleries.d) For the positions of commissioners and clerks for trade affairs. e) For the
positions of attorneys, sales agents, and attendants/wardens for wineries. f) For positions of clerks and
secretaries/scribes for the postal station management.
Note: Females of Christian faith, employed by the Jews to prepare food and linens/washing for
workers/servants also from Christians, as well as to work in Jewish factories, should not live in the
same houses as Jews, but separately. Without these conditions, hiring them is prohibited (In
replacement Vol. 5, Charter on Drinking Fees, Article 574; Vol. 10 Civil Laws, Art. 1404 and Vol. 14
Charter on the Prevention of Crime, Art. 85, 86, and 87 and with the explanation. Vol. 9 State Laws,
Article 875)
7
§16. Each Jew must forever maintain a certain hereditary, or, based on the law, adopted a surname,
or nickname, without change, with the addition of a name, given by faith or at birth. - (To Substitute
Vol. 9 of the State Laws. Art. 834).
§ 17. Marriages between Jews are not permitted by a bridegroom before the age of 18 and by a
bride the age of 16 years. Those who henceforth continue to marry before this age, as well as parents or
older relatives, who have been encouraging or permitting this (early marriage), and those persons who
would commit such marriages, will be imprisoned from two to six months, by the discretion of the
Court. (On limitations, Vol. 10 Civil Laws, Article 70).
§ 18. Jews in all public acts and in all paperwork submitted (in person) or sent by them to
government officials and places, judicial/courts, and police shall use the Russian language, or the
(official) language of the region or their dwelling in which their business/affairs are processed, and by
no means their Jewish language. Such same rule should be observed by them in the conduct of
bookkeeping as established by law for trade business. (To Substitute Vol. 9 of the State Laws. Art. 847).
§ 19. The signatures of the Jews on the acts, explanations, and other documents/papers
submitted/presented to the government or the Court, are permitted in Hebrew, if they are unable to
write in another language, however, with translation into that language, in which the document itself is
written, and with the appropriate attestation/verification of the signature. — (To Substitute Vol. 9 of the
State Laws. Art. 847).
§ 20. Since the Jewish societies exist under the (authority) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, thus
all cases carried out/processed by the Governing Senate, in the judicial and governmental parts,
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relating to the communities of Jews in urban and rural areas, excluding criminal cases and lawsuits
regarding private property, require in necessary occasions/situations a referral to the Minister of
Internal Affairs for the preliminary conclusion. - (To Substitute Vol. 9 of the State Laws. Art. 843).
§ 21. Karaites, in the areas of their location, above the rights given to the Jews by this Provision,
also have the use of those that had been given to them by special letters and decrees.
§ 22. The existing special Statute on the recruitment duty of Jews and the addition to its
regulations, all remain in force. - (In confirmation of the previous Statute).
§ 23. Every Jew must be legally assigned to one of the statuses established in the state. In case of
non-compliance with this, he is treated like a vagabond. - (In replacement of Vol. 9 of [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. article 833).
Ch. II. — About Jewish farmers.
§ 24. Every Jew is permitted at any time to pass into an agricultural state/status according to the
rules set forth below. In cases when a new national census or recruitment is announced, such a
transition could be made only after the end of these. — (In revision of Vol. 5 [Ustav o Podatyakh]
(Code of tax/duties). Art. 137 and Vol. 9 of the Laws [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 395).
§ 25. The Jews, when passing into an agricultural status, after announcing the place of their future
settlement to the society in which they were living previously, are excluded from this society and
according to this from the salaries, immediately upon their establishment in a new place. For this, if the
number of those who have transferred includes 40 and more male souls: then they form a separate
community; otherwise, they are listed/ranked among the closest community of Jewish farmers. - (In the
revision of Vol. 5 of the Code of Tax. Art. 137 and Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art.
395).
§ 26. If, during the transition of the Jews to an agricultural status, it turns out, in fact, that those
migrants endure arrears from the previous time, in-state taxes, and other fees, then these dues should be
removed both from them personally and from the society to which they previously belonged. - (Vol. 5
[Ustav o Podatyakh] (Taxation) Art. 137 and Vol. 9 Law. [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 395).
§ 27. Jews can settle for arable farming: a) On the lands allotted to them by orders of the
Government from the state dachas/lands. b) On the lands acquired by them into the ownership both
communal and private, by purchase and other legal acts. c) On the lands they lease from private people
by mutual agreement. - (In revision of Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 875, 878 and 879).
§ 28. State/Treasury Lands are assigned to Jews for settlement. a) Upon their request. b) According
to annual scheduled distribution. - (In revision Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 875,
878 and 879).
§ 29. Jews may ask for the allocation of the state lands from vacant and quitrent, according to their
preference, in all places assigned to their permanent settlement. - (In revision of Vol. 9 [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 875, 878 and 879).
§ 30. Treasury/State lands are assigned to Jews, at their request, for unlimited use on the
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following rules: 1) That in their petition it was indicated who exactly wants to settle on the requested
land for arable farming. 2) So that among the desirous there are no less than twenty-five male souls. 3)
That the allotment of the requested land to be chosen apart from Christian settlements of both state and
landlords’ ownerships (villages and hamlets). - (In rev. Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 875, 878
and 879).
§ 31. Jews must complete their settling on the land assigned to them no later than within two years
from the date of the allocation; otherwise, the land will be taken away from them and they will be sent
back to their former communities. — (In rev. Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 875,
878 and 879).
§ 32. For the organization of Jewish settlements of a larger kind, the state lands are allocated
according to the specially scheduled distributions, which are being announced to the Jews by the
Ministry of Finance at the beginning of each year, both through the City and Zemstvo Police in the
areas of their residence, as well as through publication in special Journals (Vedomosti) in both capitals
and in provincial Journals, where such are being published. — (In revision Vol. 9 [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 875, 878 and 879).
§ 33. Allocation of land according to schedules could also be made outside the Pale of Settlement
of the Jews, according to the special Highest permission. - (In revision of Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 875, 878 and 879).
§ 34. The lands allotted to the Jews for the settlement are considered to belong to the whole
community, which populates them. - (In the explanation of Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 410).
§ 35. The purchase of land for settlement from the treasury or from private people is allowed to
Jews only within the boundaries of their permanent settlement. The Jews, using these lands on the right
of full ownership, can sell or transfer them in another way both to their fellow believers and to
Christians. - (In replacement of Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 869 and 875 and in
explanation Art. 419).
§ 36. The rent of unpopulated land from private individuals for arable farming is also permitted to
Jews only within their Pale of Settlement. Jews can settle on them under voluntary mutual terms, with
the permission of the Governors of the provinces, and separately from the Christians. The terms in
these cases must be established in accordance with the determined procedure and for no less than
twelve years. — (In replacement of Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 877 and 881
and in the revision of the 1-st p. of Art. 882 of the same law).
§ 37. Under these terms, it is permitted to specify, by the mutual agreement of both parties, instead
of a monetary reimbursement/quitrent, a payment in kind with a certain amount of farm products, or by
the cultivation of a certain plot of landlord's land. (in the revision of the 1-st. p. of Art. 882 of the same
law).
§ 38. After the expiration of the time of these terms, the Jewish farmers must either renew them or
move to the lands of other owners under the same conditions. - (In replacement of Vol. 9 of the Law
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 877 and 881 and in rev. of the 1-st p. of Art. 882 of the same law)
§ 39. Jews who settle on the landowners' lands, like all people of a free taxable status in general,
remain under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Chamber, are assigned to the communities of Jewish
agriculturalists, and cannot be enslaved by anyone under any pretext. (In replacement of Vol. 9.
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 874).
§ 40. None of the Jews should be forced to choose an agricultural status and resettle; but those who
enter this status will acquire the following benefits: 1) They become exempt from the poll tax
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(Podúshnaya podat') for 25 years. 2) They are exempted from the recruiting duty (Rékrutskaya
povínnost') based on § 30 of the Charter on this duty (Code of Laws. Vol. 4), which means, those who
got settled in significant numbers for 50 years and settled in smaller communities for 25 years.
3)Exempt from monetary Zemstvo duties/taxes for 10 years. 4) Those who get settled on lands taken as
a quitrent from private owners are exempt from the poll tax for 5 years, and from other duties in
accordance with the preceding 2-nd and 3-rd paragraphs. - (In replacement. Vol. 5 Устав о Податях
(Charter of Taxes) Art. 138 and Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 877 and replacing
Art. 880).
§ 41. Grace years are counted from the time when these Jews become excluded from their previous
status and salaries. - (In replacement of Vol. 5 Устав о Податях /Tax. Art. 183 and Vol. 9 Law.
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 877 and replacing Art. 880).
§ 42. After the expiration of the preferential/grace years, the Jews farmers will bear the same duties
that are imposed on the people of the same status of Christian faith. - (In replacement of Vol. 5 of the
Statute on Tax. Art. 138 and Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. article 877 and replacing
article 880).
§ 43. Jewish farmers can engage in industry and crafts on an equal basis with other settlers, within
their general Pale/settlement; however, the production of those kinds/goods of trade and industry, for
which the peasants (krest'yane) must acquire the commercial certificates, are prohibited to the Jews,
and such certificates are not issued to them. - (In the explanatory [Piteynyy Ustav] (Distilling/Drinking
Charter) Vol. 5 Art. 570, Vol. 11 [Ustav o Torgovle] (Trade Charter), Art. 106 and Vol. 12 [Ustav o
Koloniyakh] (Charter on Colonies), Art. 948, and in revision Vol. 12 Establishment about Colonies. §
945 and 946).
§ 44. For Jews-farmer/peasants – are completely prohibited any managing/maintenance of
[alcohol] distilleries, taverns, and drinking houses, as well as the sale of strong/hard (alcohol) drinks by
delivery or catering. Also, they can neither be hired for any kind of work on the aforementioned
establishments by their landlord or otkupshchik (tax-farmers/revenue leasing collectors) nor have
individual tavern/bar or even a separate farmsteads/inns along the (state) Postal routes. (In explanation
to Vol. 5 Distilling/Drinking Charter, Art. 570, Vol. 11 of Trade Charter, Art. 106 and Vol. 12
Establishment of Colon, Art. 948, and in rev. T. 12 Charter on Colonies (Establishment of Colonies) §
945 and 946).
§ 45. In Jewish settlements, consisting of no less than ten houses, it is allowed to brew beer for
their own household use. - (In explain. to Vol. 5 Distilling/Drinking Charter. Art. 152).
§ 46. A Jew who has settled/accommodated on his own land 10 or more families of his co-
religionists, receives the right/permission to brew beer and honey, to sell both products to the local
inhabitants. - (In explanation Vol. 5 Distilling/Drinking Charter. Art. 152).
§ 47. If any of the Jews buy land and settles on it at least 50 souls of his fellow believers, then he
receives the right of personal Honorary Citizenship; those who will settle 100 male souls on their lands,
can ask for the granting of the rights of hereditary Honorary Citizenship, per expiration of three
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years since the completion of such settlement. - (Supplementary Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art.
380).
Ch. III. — About Jewish merchants, bourgeois, and artisans.
§ 48. Jews who are merchants, petty-bourgeois, or artisans, living in places designated to them for
permanent residence, and using all the rights and advantages granted to other Russian subjects of the
same status as them, insofar as these [privileges] are not opposed to this provision, should be assigned
accordingly to the societies in cities, even if residing in miasteczko-s, villages, or hamlets. - (In
replacement. Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 887 and 889, and in addition to Art.
836, Vol. 11 Charter [Ustav] on Trade. Articles 100 and 101).
§ 49. Jews who are merchants, petty-bourgeois, and guild bourgeoisie, are allowed to live outside
the cities to which they are assigned, and the townships/miasteczko where they are registered by
census/revision (only in those provinces/gubernias where this is not prohibited for them) only by valid
passports, according to general rules, established for all other dwellers/citizens of the same with them
rank/status. An exempt from the obligation to have a passport in this case may have only the owners
and artisans of factory establishments located in the county/uyezd of the same city to which they are
assigned. (In replacement. Vol. 14, [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh] (Charter on Passports and
Runaways), Art. 183, 184, 185, and 188).
§ 50. Jews merchants and bourgeois, carrying out legal trade, should not, however, sell on credit to
the peasants any wine and other strong/hard alcohol drinks, under fear of abolition/elimination of the
debt. Equally are considered as insignificant аll the debts made to the Jews by peasants, workers, and
servants through a deposit of clothing, household utensils, livestock, agricultural tools, and bread at the
root (in fields). - (In replacement. Vol, 5 [Ustav o Piteynykh Sborakh] - Art. 573).
§ 51. Jews who are merchants of the 1-st. guild, in addition to the general trade privileges
belonging to them within the Jewish Pale of Settlement, are assigned the following special rights: 1)
For trade within the Pale, they can order/write out in bulk/wholesale all kinds of goods from the
capitals and ports, through the local merchants and merchants' offices, or through correspondence with
the manufacturers. They are allowed to visit Moscow to purchase goods themselves, but without
family-members, with a limitation of the period of six months for their temporary stay there. On the
same basis, they are allowed to come to the port city of Riga, under supervision regarding the duration
of their stay there by local regulations. 2) They can also realize the wholesale of all the products/goods
from the provinces through clerks from Christians and local merchants, in the capitals and ports which
are open for the settlement of Jews. However, the sale of goods in person and the opening of shops is
prohibited to Jews in the capitals and ports, with the inclusion of Moscow and Riga, under fear of their
immediate expulsion and confiscation of goods/products. 3) Within the general line (Pale) of settlement
of the Jews, they can, on commissions from Christians, residents of other provinces, clear with a duty
the goods ordered/issued by them (these clints) through the customs of those provinces, which are open
for the residence of Jews. But the sale of all goods ordered/issued from abroad, outside the places of
common settlement of the Jews, by themselves and even through the intermediary of Christians,
through these customs is prohibited to them (Jews), with only one exception, decreed in the following
4-th clause. 4) They are allowed to come to market fairs: in Nizhny Novgorod, Irbit, Kharkov, and to
Korennaya (in Kursk) and Sumskaya (Sumy) fairs, both for the purchase of goods and for wholesale.
367
The duration of their stay at the places of the fairs is limited by the time of the fairs. - (In replacement.
Vol. 5 Charter [Ustav] on Trade. Art. 99, 104 and 107 and Vol. 14 Charter on Passports. Art. 192).
§ 52. Jews merchants of the 2-nd guild, in correlation with their general trading privileges, have
the same rights that were granted to the merchants of the 1-st guild in the previous paragraph; except in
Moscow for the purchase of goods, they may remain, no longer than three months. — (In replacement.
Vol. 5 Charter on Trade. Articles 99, 104 and 107 and Vol. 14 Charter on Passports - Art. 192).
§ 53. Jews merchants of the first two guilds, during their stay outside the Pale of general
settlement, are allowed to have with them domestic servants from the Jews, but in any case, no more
than two.
§ 54. All kinds of factories are allowed to be established by the Jews in the provinces where they
are permitted to live, on the same basis and with the same freedom as for all Russian subjects. - (In
replacement. Vol. 9 Zak. [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 883).
§ 55. When establishing factories for woolen, leather, paper, silk, linen, hemp, and other
production, the Government will provide the Jews with encouragement by allotment of land and other
benefits, on special consideration of the needs and benefits of such establishments - (In replacement.
Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 884).
§ 56. For the production of work in factories, Jews, the owners of these, may not only use their
fellow believers for employment, but also hire craftsmen and workers from Christians, according to §
15, and involve Jewish artisans/craftsmen from foreign lands, on the basis of § 121. -- (In replacement
Vol. 14 [Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh] Art. 183, 184, 185 and 188).
§ 57. Jews, owners of manufacturing establishments, can enter into obligations with the treasury for
the supply of their own products, not being limited to the Pale of their general settlement. -- (In the
revision of Vol. 11 [Ustav o Torgovle], Art. 99, 104, 107. Vol.14 [Ustav o Pasportakh]. Art 184 and in
replacement Vol. 14 [Ustav o Pasportakh] Art 192).
§ 58. Jewish manufacturers may bring for sale the goods and products of their own factories to the
fairs: in Nizhny Novgorod, Irbit, Kharkov and to Korennaya and Sumskaya fairs; but foreign products
that must have a Customs’ stamp/trademark, cannot be brought by Jews to the aforementioned fairs,
even though these products received at their factories some change in their decoration, such as:
repainted and the like. -- (In revision Vol. 11 [Ustav o Torgovle] Art. 99, 104 and 107, Vol. 14 [Ustav o
Pasportakh] Articles 184 and replacing Vol. 14 [Ustav o Pasportakh]. Art. 192).
§ 59. Jewish factory owners, within ten years from the publication of this provision, are exempted
from paying serf duties for the buildings they purchase for new plants and factories. - (In replacement
Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 884).
§ 60. Jewish manufacturers/breeders and factory owners, who want to use the privilege to send
their products to the fairs throughout the inland provinces, are certainly obliged to brand them with
their own trademark. - (In addition, T. 11 Decree on factories, Art. 53).
§ 61. Jews who manufacture grape wines from their own orchards enjoy all the advantages that this
provision gives to manufacturers.
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§ 62. Jews artisans are allowed, in regions of their general settlement, to sign-up into guilds, if it is
not in contradiction with the special privileges, especially appropriated to some cities. - (In exchange.
T.9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 887).
§ 63. For the purpose of training in skills and crafts, for improving themselves in these, and for
showing special art in crafts and manufacturing, Jews can come to the inner provinces and capitals and
temporarily reside in them, but not otherwise than 1) with Governor's passports in addition to poster-
passports (plakatnyy pasport); 2) such passports are issued by the Governors for no more than two
months; 3) upon arrival to the place, such passports are presented to the City Duma with an explanation
of what the newcomer wants to study, or in what kind of craft he is specialist. 4) After examining these
passports, the Duma together with the Crafts Board/Administration, where there is one, gives
permission to begin the studies if it does not encounter any special obstacles. 5) if the Duma finds that a
Jewish master has a special art/skill, which is lacking in their city, or which could bring important
benefits to local institutions: then it submits this information with its opinion to the Province/Gubernia
Administration. Upon consideration of this submission, if the Gubernia Administration finds it
justified, it allows the Jew to remain in the city, or at a particular factory, for a certain time, however,
no more than six months. If there are valid reasons for extending this stay, then such permission is
requested from the Ministers: of Internal Affairs or Finance, according to their affiliation. 6) If the
passport expires before obtaining such permission, then the local police authorities can give deferrals,
but in all cases no more than six weeks. - (In substitution of Vol. 14 Ustav o Pasportakh. Articles 183,
187, 188, and 189).
§ 64. Within the boundaries of their permanent residence (§§ 3 and 4), without transitioning into an
agricultural status, Jews may take in the lease or quitrent maintenance (Otkupnoe, Obrochnoye
soderzhaniye),
8
in addition to land and various places for agricultural use (ugod'ya) and economic
establishment, mills, inns, taverns, potatory buildings (shinoks) and so on; however, they are forbidden
from leasing or renting (Possesiya)
9
those estates which are inhabited, as well as prohibited from being
managers stewards/ administrators of such (populated) estates. - (In revision and explanation Vol. 5
Charter on Drinking Fees. Art. 570-573.)
Ch. IV. - About rural and urban Jewish societies/communities.
§ 65. Rural communities of Jewish farmers are established separately from the settlers of another
faith; the order of governance of these communities is established following the example of other
societies of the same status. - (In revision. Vol. 5 of the [Ustav o Podatyakh] (Statute on Taxes). Art. 160
and in replacement. Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 836).
§ 66. In the cities where Jews are registered/assigned, they are in fact members of the communities
there; although, management of their affairs, especially those concerning the distribution of taxes and
duties among them, rely on the Jews themselves. They elect among themselves from 3 to 5 special
representatives (Kagalnye), who form the Kagal (Kahal). - (In rev. Vol. 5 of the Statute on Tax. Art. 160
and in replacement of Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 836).
§ 67. The position of the Kagal is to supervise, under strict accountability: 1) So that the
regulations/instructions of the authorities, in fact, appurtenant to the class of local residents from the
Jews, are being executed with precision. 2) So that taxes, fees, and city and public revenues are
regularly received/collected from every person and Jewish family. 3) That the money liable to be
transferred to the County (Uyezd) Treasuries and other organs were sent without delay, according to
their affiliation. 4) That all expenses assigned to that class of Jews which is under its/Kagal’s
jurisdiction/department are properly carried out. 5) So that the sums of money received by the Kagal
are kept safely/intact. Therefore, the money received by the Kagal is kept under the key of the
Receiver-Supervisor, but sealed under the seals of all members. - (In replacement. Vol. 5 of the Statute
on Tax. Art. 161 and Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 842).
369
§ 68. Regarding its operations with fees and revenues, Kagal gives an annual report to the class of
local Jews, and moreover, submits detailed reports with Corded Books (Shnurovaya Kniga)
10
on
receipts and expenditures to the Treasury Camber (Kazennaya Palata). - (In replacement. Vol. 5 of the
Statute on Tax. Art. 161 and Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 842).
§ 69. Kagalnye are elected by the local class of Jews from among its available members who can
read and write in Russian, or in the language in which business is done in that area. They are approved
by the Gubernia/Provincial Board every three years. Duties between them are divided by their mutual
agreement. One of the Kagalnye, who is entrusted with the money - income and expenses - and the
maintenance of checking and cash books, has the title of Treasurer. - (In replacement. Vol. 9 of the Law
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 840 and 841).
§ 70. Kagalnye, during the execution of this position, enjoys the honorary rights of merchants for
the rank of the 2-nd guild if they do not belong to the highest rank; although without paying guild
duties they do not possess the right to trade just because of rank. - (In replacement. Vol. 9 of the Law
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 840 and 841).
§ 71. The Kagal may employ several scribes and the necessary servants, with a salary appointed by
the local class of Jews. - (In replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 840 and 841).
§ 72. Rural communities and urban societies of Jews, participating in the payment of taxes and
other social fees, according to the number of souls by revision, make internal arrangements among
themselves according to a communal agreement, in accordance with their status and financial means of
everyone. - (In replacement of Vol. 5 of the Statute on Taxation Articles 160 and 161 and Vol. 9 of the
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 837).
§ 73. In distribution/layouts, the departed, old, crippled, and squalid Jews are counted among those
communities to which they belong by kinship, and those not having relatives, are distributed for the
collection of taxes across the whole Jewish societies of that province, according to the proportionality
of the number of souls. - (In replacement. Vol. 5 of the Statute on Tax. Articles 160 and 161 and Vol. 9
of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 837).
§ 74. In the payment of taxes and duties for bourgeois Jews-merchants participate in the city to
which they are assigned, if these merchants' guild duties are less than should be according to the
position of society, they should pay with surcharges for the poor. In this case, the society exacts/collects
from them only that amount that exceeds their payment of guild duties. - (In replacement. Vol. 5 of the
Statute on Tax. Art. 160 and 161 and Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 837).
§ 75. In addition to those fees and taxes, which are established by the Jews according to the
conditions of urban and rural inhabitants, a special tollage is made from them, under the name of
Korobochnyy Sbor
11
(Box Collection/Duty). A special detailed provision has to be composed about this
Box Duty, and until that time it remains on the rules, hitherto established for it. - (In change T. 5 of the
Statute on Taxation. Art. 163).
370
§ 76. Jewish rural communities and urban societies, in addition to the duties set forth above, must:
1) on an equal basis with societies of other faiths, to take care of charity for the elderly, crippled, and
sick of their fellow believers. From their side, they are allowed to set up special hospitals and
almshouses, and, at the discretion of the authorities, additional aid from the Department of Public
Welfare/Charity (Prikaz Obshchestvennogo Prizreniya) is also permitted; 2) concerning the prevention
of vagabondage, establish institutions in which the poor could find work and support. - (In replacement.
Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 837 and in addition Vol. 13 [Ustav Obshchestvennogo
Prizreniya]. Art. 969-981).
§ 77. Jewish urban classes participate in elections for public offices/positions; moreover, Jews who
can read and write in Russian can be elected to members of City Dumas, Magistrates and Town Halls,
on the same basis as persons of other faiths are elected to these positions. - (In change of Vol.3 Election
Service Charter [Ustav o Sluzhbe po Vyboru]. Art. 948)
Ch. V. — On the affairs of faith and rituals.
§ 78. Jews can perform communal prayers and pray in places of their general settlement. No one
has the right to hinder them in that, either by word or action.
Note. Under the notion of public/communal prayer is meant a gathering of at least ten people, adult
Jews, that is, of the age over 13 years old, by the Kivot (Holy Ark), which contains five books of Moses
(Torah). - (In replacement. Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 848).
§ 79. Public religious services and prayers can be performed only in special buildings, dedicated to
this: Synagogues (Besaknysos) and prayer schools (Besamedrash). If someone would allow conducting
of these in his private house without the permission of the provincial authorities, then a fine of
thousand rubles will be collected from him/them in favor of the Department of Public Welfare/Charity,
or if the value of the house is less than this fine, then the fee of an amount equal to the price of the
house.
§ 80. New Synagogues and prayer schools are established only with the permission of the
provincial authorities; at that it must be supervised: a) That the buildings assigned for this are not at a
close distance from Christian churches. b) So that new constructions are produced according to the plan
and facade approved by the authorities, c) So that their number does not exceed the need determined in
the subsequent article of this provision, d) If built on the landlords' estates, then the consent of the
owners is required for the arrangement of the aforementioned buildings, an examination of the plan and
the façade should also be provided to them, e) Buildings constructed without abidance of these
regulations, are either set for demolition by the permission of the Minister of Internal Affairs or in the
case of deviation from the plan, must be repaired/rebuilt at the expense of the violators.
§ 81. In every city or village where the number of Jewish houses does not exceed 30, it is
permissible to have one prayer school; where the number of houses does not exceed 80, they may have,
in addition to the prayer school, one Synagogue; where the number of houses is more than 80, it is
allowed to have one school for every 30 houses or one synagogue for every 80 houses.
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Note. These restrictions do not have a retroactive effect on those schools and Synagogues that
hitherto were established and existed with the consent of the authorities.
§ 82. Buildings occupied by Synagogues and prayer schools are exempt from giving quarters to the
military.
§ 83. In synagogues and prayer schools, it is strictly prohibited: a) Any meeting for other matters,
except for prayer and the conduct of ceremonies of faith. b) Storing any other stuff, except for those
belonging needed to worship.
§ 84. All Jews who constantly gather at this or that Synagogue or school to perform rituals of faith
and prayer, constitute the prayer society/congregation of that Synagogue or school.
§ 85. Every Jewish prayer society elects 1) one scholar to explain questions/queries related to
worship or rituals of faith: 2) the headman (Goba) of a Synagogue or prayer school, 3) a Treasurer
(Neimon). These three persons constitute a special Board of a Synagogue or school. Members of this
Board, with the approval of the provincial authorities, are sworn in in the presence of the Rabbis and a
police officer according to the form under the letter A.
§ 86. The Board, overseeing the internal structure and household/economy of a Synagogue or a
prayer school, is obliged: 1) To supervise the preservation of decency and proper order.
2) To manage money/amount that constitutes the income of a Synagogue or a school, reporting about it
to the prayer society/congregation. 3) To hire, if necessary, for the synagogue or school ministers,
cantors, readers, and watchmen. 4) To record/keep a Corded Book (Shnurovaya Kniga) in which the
headman registers all members of the prayer society, with noting of those who are joining in and
moving out. The lists from this book are annually submitted: one to the police chief, the other to the
local Rabbi.
§ 87. The Rabbi is the guardian and interpreter of the Jewish law. Scholars/Scientists and honorary
Jews are appointed to this position, according to the elections among urban classes and rural
communities of their co-religionists. Elections are held every three years. Those elected present
themselves to the provincial authorities for approval, and upon obtaining it, they are sworn following
the form under the letter B. - (In replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 849 and
850).
§ 88. When a Rabbi takes office, an agreement is concluded between him and the society or Kagal
that elected him, with the designation of the benefits provided to the Rabbi from the
community/society, such as salary, fees for performing rituals, if such are considered necessary, and the
like; as well as responsibilities respectable to the rank/title. This agreement is approved by the
provincial authorities. — (In replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 853).
§ 89. Where the Jews do not have a Synagogue or a prayer school, or although they do have one,
they cannot support a special Rabbi due to their poverty, they are assigned to the department of the
Rabbi from the nearest city or village and become directly under his jurisdiction in the matters of faith.
- (In replacement Vol. 9 Law [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 853).
§ 90. The duty/responsibility of a Rabbi is: 1) To ensure that in public worship and the rituals of
faith all the established rules are maintained; explain to the Jews their law and resolve occurring in
these matters’ misunderstandings/perplexities; educate them on the true meaning of the law, however
372
without the use of any other means besides persuasion and admonition. 2) To guide the Jews to the
observance of moral obligations, to obedience to the general laws of the state and the established
authorities. 3) To perform exclusively throughout his department the rituals of circumcision and
naming babies, marriage, divorce, and burial.
Note. If the overpopulation of the city, or other reasons, make it difficult to perform all the
mentioned rituals by the Rabbi alone, then the society or Kagal can choose to help him several scholars
from the Jews, who are given the right to perform these rituals in his presence or by written permission
from him. In the latter case, they must notify him every time after each ceremony. 4) To maintain
metric books throughout his department and annually submit the extracts from these books to the
provincial authorities, in Hebrew and Russian languages. (In addition and in revision. Vol. 9 of the Law
[Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852, and 853)
§ 91. A Rabbi at any time under his authority may enter the schools and Synagogues, speak and
read teachings in them, and be present at the performance of prayer or rituals of faith. He always takes
the place closest to the Kivot and represents the first person in the assembly. - (In addition to and in
replacement of Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851. 852 and 853).
§ 92. A Rabbi does not have the right to punish with penalties, curses, and ejection from society, the
Jews who are subjects of his teachings, nor refuse any of them to perform the rites of faith. This, in
addition to the losses that could happen from the violation of this, he (Rabbi) will be subjected to a
collection of 50 rubles for the first time, and the second 100 rubles in favor of the Department of Public
Welfare. For a threefold violation, he will be deprived of his title, and if he is caught three times
pronouncing a curse/damnation: then he will be sent to recruits without any credit. In any case, the
curses pronounced by him and his decisions about rejections from the community will be considered
completely insignificant. - (In addition, and in replacement. Vol. 9 of the Law [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851. 852 and 853).
§ 93. Performing rituals in accordance with the rules of faith and customs, the Rabbi observes:
1) That the marriage of visiting Jews is allowed only with the written permission of the Rabbi of that
city or village to which those getting married/newlyweds belong. This permission must be certified by
the local police authorities. 2) So that secondary marriage is not allowed unless there is a proper
certification, and those entering into it, no longer have any obligation to the previous marriage.
3) That the burial of the dead is not performed at nighttime and not earlier than three days after death.
In cases of sudden death, or when there is a suspicion that it was violent, the burial is carried out only
with the permission of the police authorities after inspection/examination. (In addition and revision.
Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 851, 852 and 853).
§ 94. Cases of dissolution of marriages between Jews, both with and without the return of the
dowry, require the decision of the Rabbi, or another learned Jew, to whom the proceedings between the
spouses were granted at their choice and appointment. (In addition and revision. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony
o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852 and 853).
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§ 95. With the permission of the authorities in areas of a general settlement of Jews (§ 3 and 4), in
specially dedicated cemeteries there can be buildings for preparing their dead for burial and keeping
things necessary for this. These buildings are subject to the rules established for Synagogues and
prayer-schools. - (In addition and revision. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 851, 852,
and 853).
§ 96. By the regulation (article 4 of § 90), the Rabbi must record in the parish register (metric
books): a) Circumcision of every male infant and giving the name to a female infant, with the
indication of their birth date and parents’ names, following the form under the letter “В”. b) Any
marriage and any divorce, with the notation of names and nicknames/surnames, years/ages and statuses
of those who contract or dissolve a marriage, as well as their witnesses, according to the forms under
letters “Г” and “Д”. c) Burial of the dead of any sex and age, with the notation of names and
nicknames/surnames, years/ages and statuses, and diseases/reasons which caused their death, according
to the form under the letter “E”. - (In addition. and in replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852 and 853).
§ 97. A Rabbi, who by mistake did not write down the information required to be entered into the
metric book, becomes the subject to a penalty in benefit of the Department of Public Welfare - 50
rubles for each missed male soul and 25 rubles for female. Though if he is exposed in the intentional
omission of metric records then he is the subject to trial and punishment as for forgery. — (In addition
and in replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 851, 852, and 853).
§ 98. The Rabbi, who blamelessly fulfilled/completed his service duty and by approval of the
society got reelected for it, enjoys personal honorary rights of the 1-st guild merchants in the places of
settlement of the Jews; however, he cannot engage in trade except on the basis of the general rules,
which are decreed for the Jews who trade. - (In addition and replacement Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852, and 853).
§ 99. Rabbis who have received the honorary rights of the 1-st guild merchants and after that were
blamelessly executing their duties for at least nine more years are awarded gold medals. - (In addition
and replacement Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852, and 853).
§ 100. Poll taxes (Podushnaya podat') and Zemstvo duties for the Rabbis are carried on by the
communities that elected them. — (In addition and replacement Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852 и 853).
§ 101. For the performance of the rituals, registered in the Metric Books, the Rabbi does not have
the right to demand more compensation than is determined in the contract concluded with him. On such
payment, a report card (tabel’) is drawn up in the Hebrew language, which, for general information,
should be nailed down in every Synagogue and prayer school. — (In addition and replacement Vol. 9 of
the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852 и 853).
§ 102. The Rabbi, in the case of criminal offenses, is tried, like any Jew, in the general established
judicial places. However, if he turns out to be in abuse of his power, in opposition to the law of
doctrine, and in other crimes of his office, then the provincial authorities, in accordance with the
complaints of the community, will appoint the time and place of the gathering of at least three Rabbis
of that district, or one closest to it, to review the complaints and pronounce a sentence. This assembly,
in addition to remarks and reprimands, can sentence the guilty to the dismissal of his title. Their
sentence is executed with the approval of the provincial authorities. — (In addition and replacement
Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 851, 852 и 853)
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§ 103. If in any place a division of sects arises, and one group does not want to be in the same
prayer community with others, then, in this case, they could be allowed to establish a special school,
although this permission can be granted only with the approval of the Minister of Internal Affairs, after
the research/investigation: what are the differences in interpretation from the meaning of the ordinary
teaching of the Jewish faith and with the assurance of its harmlessness for morality and social peace. -
(In addition and replacement Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 854).
Ch. VI. — On the teaching or education of the Jews.
§ 104. Children of Jews can be accepted and educated, without any distinction from other children,
in general district and parish schools, gymnasiums, and private schools and boarding schools in those
places in which their fathers are allowed to live. - (In replacement. Vol. 9 of [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh].
Art. 863).
§ 105. Those of the Jews who graduated from the gymnasium course, receive certificates, and if
they wish to acquire higher education, then are allowed to enter and continue their studies in sciences at
Universities, Academies, and other higher education institutions throughout the Empire. - (In
replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 863).
§ 106. When sending their children to Christian schools, Jews are obliged to declare their faith,
under the fear to be reprimanded as for forgery. The Jewish children who have entered the schools are
not forced to change their faith and are not obliged to attend the lessons in which the teachings of the
Christian Law are studied. - (In replacement. Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 864).
§ 107. Jewish children, who attend parish and district schools in their places of residence, may
wear Jewish clothing; however, students in Gymnasiums, as well as in universities and other higher
educational institutions, must conform to local customs and regulations in dressing. - (In replacement
and addition - Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Articles 865 and 866).
§ 108. Jews who entered the Medical Faculties of the Universities and the Medical Surgical
Academies, and showed excellent success/results, can be admitted amongst those of state-sponsored
students, with the permission of the Ministry. - (In replacement and additionally Vol. 9 [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 865 and 866).
§ 109. In the certificates of education, given to the children of the Jews on a general basis, their
religion should be noted/signified. - (In replacement and addition. Vol. 9 [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh].
Articles 865 and 866).
§ 110. Those of the Jews, whose abilities and diligence will show excellent success in the sciences,
can acquire academic degrees on a common basis with all other Russia’s subjects. - (In replacement.
Vol. 9 of the [Zakony o Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 867).
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§ 111. Jews who have received degrees from Universities and Academies, as well as Title
Certificates for Artists from the Academy of Arts, are granted the following rights: 1) With Degrees:
Student, Candidate, Master, and Artist (Academy of Arts) may apply for honorary personal citizenship.
2) Those who have received a Doctorate may apply for honorary hereditary citizenship. 3) In addition
to that, those who have received a degree of a doctor, in accordance with the testimony of the Minister
of Public Education about their excellent abilities, can enter the educational and civil services, but not
otherwise than with the Highest permission. 4) Those who have received a degree in the medical field,
if they enter the service, become recognized in this actual field on a par with all other Russia’s citizens
and receive the right for free/independent practice in the Empire. Those of them who do not wish to
enter the service can: having the title of Doctor and Medical Surgeon, apply for honorary hereditary
citizenship; those who, after completing a medical course, will be appointed to work as medical doctors
or to the pharmaceutical rank, can have the right to honorary personal citizenship. 5) Those who are
allowed to enter the educational and civil service will receive the right to stay in the inner provinces
and capitals.
§ 112. Children of Jews of the female gender may attend only those Christian educational
institutions, established by the government or by private persons, in which female children are admitted
in general.
§ 113. Over and above the permission for Jewish children to attend state and private Christian
schools, Jews are allowed to start their own private or community schools to educate their youth in the
sciences and arts and to study the laws of their religion. - (In replacement V. 9 of the Law [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 868).
§ 114. Jewish schools for children of both sexes are allowed, with the permission of the school
authorities, upon consideration of the means/financing to ensure their maintenance/management.
The order of their establishment, subjects of teaching, replacement of teaching positions, annual tests,
and supervision duties in the abovementioned schools are subjected to the general rules of the school
Charter. However, special attention should be paid to the study of the Russian language among other
educational subjects. It should be taught in every school. - (In replacement. V. 9 of the [Zakony o
Sostoyaniyakh]. Art. 868).
§ 115. Teachers of sciences and arts are assigned to Jewish schools without distinction of faith, both
from Jews and from Christians.
§ 116. The teaching of sciences in the Jewish schools must be carried out only according to the
books approved by the school authorities.
§ 117. Books published in Russia in Hebrew as well as imported from abroad are subject to the
general rules of Censorship. But if no one knows the Hebrew language in the office which received a
book for review, then it is submitted to the Main Board of Censorship, or wherever the Board will
redirect it.
Ch. VII. —About foreign Jews who come to Russia.
§ 118. Jews-foreigners, who come to Russia having a need for trade or lawsuits and litigations, are
obliged to present the same foreign/international passports which are required from all other foreigners
of the same with them citizenship. - (In replacement. Vol. 14 [Ustav o Pasportakh] (Charter on
Passports) Art. 11 and 194, and in addition Vol. 11 Charter on Trade. Art. 140 and 141)
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§ 119. Jews who come (from abroad) to Russia for trade, based on the rights of temporary visiting
foreign merchants, can stay for one year in places of a general settlement of Jews, in ports and border
cities at the stock-exchange centers or within the customs borders. Wherein, in the last half of the year
of their stay, upon the testimony of the 2-nd guild merchants, from them must be collected all the
established taxes as well as city and Zemstvo duties. (In replacement. Vol. 14 [Ustav o Pasportakh]
(Charter on Passports) Art. 11 and 194, and addition Vol. 11 Charter on Trade. Art. 140 and 141).
§ 120. Foreign Jews who receive real estate/immovable property in Russia by inheritance become
subject to the regulations prescribed for all Jewish subjects (of Russia). (In replacement. Vol. 14
Charter on Passports. Art. 11 and 194, and Charter on Trade. Articles 140 and 141).
§ 121. From among the foreign Jews, the following could be allowed to become permanent
residents within the Jewish Pale of Settlement: 1) Those whom the government recognizes necessary to
be assigned to occupy the positions of Rabbis. 2) Medics, requested at the discretion of the government
for the military and naval departments. 3) Those who will arrive with the intention of establishing
factories and plants, except for alcohol distilleries, and for this business they will present capital of at
least 50,000 rubles. Upon their very arrival in Russia, these Jews must sign documents confirming that
the aforementioned industries/businesses will be established within a three-year period. If this is not
done, they will be sent abroad. Upon the execution, they could be accepted into citizenship and must
choose a legalized status. 4) Artisans/Craftsmen, requested by Jewish fabricants for the execution of
manufactory works. They are allowed upon presentation of: a) a legalized passport, b) certificates from
the Russian Missions or Consulates about their status, a field of the previous occupation, skills, and by
whom and why the documents were issued.
These Masters/specialists are allowed permanent residency in the Jewish settlements and permitted
to take an oath of allegiance for citizenship only after 5 years of their employment at factories.
Moreover, at the same time, they must have certified proof of their skill/work and blameless behavior
from the owners and local authorities. — (In rev. Vol. 14 Charter on Passports. Art. 11) *) (V. P. S. Z.,
Vol. X, № 8,054)
1
Zakony o sostoyaniyakh - Prava sostoyaniya - State laws - State rights - in the legislation of the
Russian Empire - the common name of estate rights, political and civil. See:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_of_Laws_of_the_Russian_Empire
2
Oblast’ – Oblast’s of the Russian Empire were administrative units and were included as parts of
General-Governorates or Krais. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblasts_of_the_Russian_Empire
3
Bessarabia Oblast - was an oblast (1812–1871) and later a guberniya (Guberniya of Bessarabia,
1871-1917) in the Russian Empire. It included the eastern part of the Principality of Moldavia along
with the neighboring Ottoman-ruled territories annexed by Russia by the Treaty of Bucharest following
the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812. – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate
4
Belostok Oblast – (Russian: Белостокская область; Polish: Obwód białostocki) was an
administrative division in the Russian Empire. The region had a capital in Belostok (modern
Białystok). The Oblast was created from former Prussian Białystok Department, gained in 1807 by
Russia in the Treaties of Tilsit. – https :// en . wikipedia . org / wiki / Belostok _ Oblast
5
Ustav o Pasportakh i Beglykh (Устав о Паспортах и Беглых) – in Svod zakonov ugolovnykh -
Charter on Passports and Runaways, Code of Criminal Laws
6
Uyezd (Russian: уе
́зд) was an administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian
Empire, and the early Russian SFSR, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian
history, uyezds were a secondary level of administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology,
Uyezd approximately corresponds to the English term county. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyezd
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(
V zamenu T. 5, Ustav o Piteynykh Sborakh, st. 574; T. 10 Zakony Grazhdanskiye, st. 1404 i T. 14
Ustav o Preduprezhdenii Prestupnosti, st. 85, 86 i 87, i v poyasnenie T. 9 Zakony o Sostoyanii, st. 875)
– (Въ зам н
ѣ
. Т. 5 Уст. Пит. Сбор. ст. 574; Т. 10 Зак. Граж. ст. 1404 и Т. 14 Уст. о Предупрежд.
Прест, ст. 85, 86 и 87 и въ пояс. Т. 9 Зак. о Сост. ст. 875). – (In replacement Vol. 5, Charter on
Drinking Fees, Article 574; Vol. 10 Civil Laws, Art. 1404 and Vol. 14 Charter on the Prevention of
Crime, Art. 85, 86, and 87 and with the explanation. Vol. 9 State Laws, Art. 875)
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Obrochnoye soderzhaniye - Оброчное содержание — quitrent maintenance - in imperial Russia, one
of the types of hereditary and alienated right to use state or public land for a periodic payment
(quitrent), to encourage the cultivation of land by providing quitrent owners with a solid right to the
allotted plots. Plots are leased by the treasury either indefinitely, or for long periods.
https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/НЭС/Оброчное_содержание
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Possesiya - Поссесия (from Latin possidere - to own) - a form of land lease - ownership of a land plot
along with the property located on it; In the 18th-19th centuries in the Russian Empire, an occupation
meant the leasehold of state peasants and land transferred by the government to a tenant for the creation
of industrial production on these lands. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Поссесия
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Shnurovaya Kniga - Шнуровая книга - corded book - for reporting, is laced up (a cord is passed
through all sheets, the ends of which are sealed on the last page) to eliminate tearing and insertion of
sheets; issuing Shnurovaya Kniga - certifies it and the number of pages., renumbered and sometimes
signed.
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Korobochnyy Sbor - Коробочный сбор - The Box Duty, from the Jews within the Pale of Settlement,
a special collection from the meat of the slaughterhouses owned by them, was intended for the payment
of public debts, for the maintenance of Jewish schools and charitable institutions; was also spent on
general urban needs: paving and street lighting, etc.
https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/МЭСБЕ/Коробочный_сбор